Entropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of isolated systems left to spontaneous evolution cannot decrease with time, as they always arrive at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest.Īustrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann explained entropy as the measure of the number of possible microscopic arrangements or states of individual atoms and molecules of a system that comply with the macroscopic condition of the system. Ī consequence of entropy is that certain processes are irreversible or impossible, aside from the requirement of not violating the conservation of energy, the latter being expressed in the first law of thermodynamics. Referring to microscopic constitution and structure, in 1862, Clausius interpreted the concept as meaning disgregation. ![]() He initially described it as transformation-content, in German Verwandlungsinhalt, and later coined the term entropy from a Greek word for transformation. In 1865, German physicist Rudolf Clausius, one of the leading founders of the field of thermodynamics, defined it as the quotient of an infinitesimal amount of heat to the instantaneous temperature. The thermodynamic concept was referred to by Scottish scientist and engineer Macquorn Rankine in 1850 with the names thermodynamic function and heat-potential. It has found far-ranging applications in chemistry and physics, in biological systems and their relation to life, in cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change, and information systems including the transmission of information in telecommunication. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory. I hope that I helped.some way or another.Entropy is a scientific concept as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. Thus ∆S increases.Īs for the second part of your question, as the Cl-Cl bond is being formed from its atoms, this reaction is likely to be exothermic as heat needs to be given out in order to form bonds. There would be a higher amount of kinetic energy in the system, resulting in more ways for the energy to be distributed amongst the particles, giving rise to greater disorder. Likewise, if the reaction involves the heating of the substance, there would be a temperature rise, and this means that energy is transferred from the flame to the substance. ![]() ![]() In this case, as it involves heating, bonds are being broken due to the rise in temperature, giving the derived ∆H a negative value. ∆H is determined through ∆H= Q/n, where n is the number of moles of If there is a reaction involving the heating of a substance, heat gained by solution= Q=mc∆T, where m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ∆T the change in temperature. It's like, both of them are interlinked with each other (if enthalpy is affected, entropy is also affected.) To put it simply, a reaction is both enthalpy and entropy driven. Enthalpy is regarding the amount of heat that is given off or taken in during the process of a reaction, while entropy is about the disorderliness of a reaction.īoth are related in this equation ∆G=∆H-T∆S, where ∆G is the Gibbs free energy.
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